Bali is known as an island of thousands temples. In every village in Bali, there are several temples and at least one small temple in each home of Balinese which reach to a total of 10.000.
Balinese word for temple is ‘pura’ which means 'space surrounded by a wall'. Although many temples are quiet and uninhabited, they are transformed into colorful, active and decorated places of worship when there is a festival. While offerings are made, performances of traditional dances and gamelan, cockfighting and gambling enliven the atmosphere.
All temples derive their direction from the mountains and the sea. The direction toward the mountains, Kaja, is the most significant direction. The direction toward the sea is Kelod. The direction toward the sunrise, Kangin, is found in most secondary shrines.
There are three fundamental types of temple in every village. Pura Puseh (temple of origin) remains the most important and is reserved for founders of villages. It is always situated at the kaja end of the village.
In the middle of the village is the Pura Desa, which is for the spirits that protect and bless the villagers in their daily lives.
At the kelod end of the village is the Pura Dalem (temple of the dead) as well as the graveyard. The Pura Dalem would have representations of Durga, the dark and terrible side of Shiva's wife, Parvati. Both Shiva and Parvati have a creative and destructive side, and it is their powers of destruction that are honored in the Pura Dalem.
Uluwatu Temples
![]() | |||||
Uluwatu Temples |
Tanah Lot Temple
![]() |
Tanah Lot Temple |
Ulun Danu Temple
![]() | |||
Ulun Danu Temple |
Tirta Empul Temple
![]() |
Tirta Empul Temple |
Besakih Temple
![]() |
The Mother Temple of Besakih |
Over a thousand years and more, Besakih Temple was extended to the present complex of about 30 temples. There are three main temples within Besakih Temple; Pura Penataran Agung, dedicated to Sang Hyang Widi Wasa. Inside the main courtyard stands the three-seated shrine enthroning the Trisakti, the trinity of Brahma, Visnu and Siwa. During festivals the shrines are wrapped in colored cloth symbolic of the deities.
The other two main temples are Pura Kiduling Kreteg, dedicated to Brahma; and Pura Batu Madeg, dedicated to Wisnu.
For Balinese people, a visit to the temple sanctuaries at Besakih is a special pilgrimage. Each temple has its own anniversary ceremony (Odalan) and on the full moon (Kedasa) the entire compound of Besakih commemorates the visit of the gods with an enormous mass of visiting pilgrims.